The Facet Joint ( or the zygapophysial joint as it’s properly named) is the area where two vertebrae meet together in our spinal column. The Facet Joint is where the upper and lower vertebrae articulate with one another. These joints provide the rigidity and structure to our spinal column as well as controlling how are spine bends. Each pair of vertebrae have two Facet Joints, where the anterior and superior articular processes come together.

Facet Joint (aka Zygapophysial Joint)

Articular cartilage ( an almost rubber-like substance that provides cushion to the joint) covers the surfaces of the joints. The cartilage provides a buffering substance so that the bones do not rub directly against one another. Injuries to the vertebrae can cause damage to the cartilage. The aging process also can lead to spinal degradation. Growing older is the leading cause of Facet Joint Arthritis. That’s why Facet Joint Arthritis is basically a degenerative form of arthritis.

Facet Joint Arthritis is generally manifested as mechanical pain. This is due to the abnormal movement of the spine. As the cartilage degrades, the vertebrae don’t fit correctly. On some occasions, bone spurs can develop in the joint. These bone spurs can affect the nerves and cause a sense of tingling, impaired reflexes, weakness and numbness

In order to diagnose Facet Joint Arthritis, the physician will work through a series of diagnostic steps:

• Physical Examination with a complete history – your physician will work with you to develop a narrative with regard to your back and ongoing symptoms.
• X-ray Examination – spinal column degeneration can be seen on the X-ray if the space between the vertebrae has noticeably collapsed and or if any bone spurs have developed and may be putting pressure on the spine.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – if further investigation is needed, an MRI can be performed, which provides a view of the soft tissue of the joint. This will allow the physician to see if the Facet Joint is swollen.
• Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) – the CT Scan enables the physician to view cross sectional slices of the vertebrae. This advance form of examination allows a more detailed examination of the bone surfaces.
• Fluoroscopy Guided Injection – a needle is guided with the aid of X-ray fluoroscopy and injected into the spinal column. A special marking dye and medication is injected. In the event that the pain is reduced, it aids in the Facet Joint Arthritis diagnosis.





Additional information about arthritis can be found at the CDC website